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On the 6^th of March 2020, Khartoum Process partners’ representatives met in The Hague, The Netherlands, for the 7^th Senior Officials’ Meeting of the Process. Delegates had the opportunity to take stock of the work carried out during the Eritrean Chairmanship, discuss governance matters, and agree on a way forward for the finalisation of the Joint Valetta Action Plan update, initiated in April 2019.

This meeting also marked the Chairmanship handover from Eritrea to The Netherlands. As a result, the work plan for the Chairmanship of The Netherlands was also broadly defined on this occasion.

Participants confirmed the value and relevance of the Khartoum Process as a forum to discuss issues of common interest for the countries along the migration route in the Horn of Africa and Europe in order to identify concrete areas of cooperation.

On this occasion, a new activity has been proposed for the first time in the framework of Khartoum Process meetings: a two-and-a-half-hour scenario building exercise led by the Mixed Migration Centre (MMC). MMC experts guided participants along a process of strategic futures analysis for their respective regions. During this exercise, delegates deliberated upon and examined relatively certain and uncertain drivers and their possible impact on mixed migration stocks, flows, routes, and the conditions and experiences of people on the move. The workshop concluded by prompting participants to reflect on their key assumptions and factors for which they are the least prepared to respond to.

As affirmed by Ms.  Ankie Broekers-Knol, Minister for Migration, in her closing remarks, migration is a dynamic, multifaceted, and complex process, which calls for a comprehensive approach covering all the issues that arise on migration routes, working closely with countries of origin, transit, and destination.

In 2019, the Khartoum Process continued the implementation of its mandate by further supporting the participating states in their efforts to prevent and tackle the challenges of human trafficking and smuggling of migrants between the Horn of Africa and Europe. The implementation of the mandate was supported, among others, through piloting a novel format of an activity, namely Regional Training Programme on Countering Trafficking in Human Beings.   

Additionally, concrete examples of continued work include the expansion of the thematic focus, with the aim to systematically address the five pillars of the Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP). To this end, Thematic Meetings on labour migration, as well as on migration and development, with a particular focus on the role of diaspora, facilitated partners’ active engagement into a constructive dialogue on matters that have until 2019 remained unexplored in the framework of the Process. These meetings, co-hosted by Egypt and Portugal, and Eritrea and Switzerland, respectively, provided a platform for exploring new areas of policy development, bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and sharing of good practices. The activities have benefited from an increased participation and expertise of such stakeholders as civil society actors and private sector representatives.

Two novel initiatives were launched in the course of the year. One aims at ensuring the continuity of the vision and action beyond the duration of a single Chairmanship, by means of introducing a Multiannual Work Plan format into the work of the Dialogue. The other is directed towards acknowledging recent policy developments, by means of identifying concrete elements for the update of the JVAP. Both initiatives will facilitate a due reflection of delivery to date and have a long-lasting impact on the work of the Process and beyond. 

On 23^rd – 24^th of October 2019, the EU-Horn of Africa Migration Route Initiative (Khartoum Process) convened a thematic meeting on Migration for Development: Harnessing the Potential of Diaspora. The meeting was hosted and chaired by Eritrea and co-chaired by Switzerland.

The meeting has been attended by Khartoum Process partners representatives (Khartoum Process countries, the African Union Commission, the European Commission, the European External Action Service, IOM, UNHCR, GIZ), representatives of UNCDF, IFAD, AFFORD, World Bank / KNOMAD, and ADEPT, as well as relevant private sector representatives from MFS Africa and Homestrings.

The meeting aimed at exploring the topic of leveraging diaspora potential for development, starting from understanding, reaching out to and engaging with the diaspora, to providing an enabling environment to maximise diaspora capital, including remittances, skills, and knowledge, amongst other types of contributions. Discussions were structured along the following thematic pillars:

1. Engaging the diaspora in their host countries: options for the countries of origin;
2. Fostering an environment favourable to the engagement of diaspora in their country of origin;
3. Remittances and investments: ways of maximising the impact of remittances.

On the 24^th-25^th of September 2019, Egypt, together with Portugal as co-chair, hosted the Khartoum Process Thematic Meeting on Legal Frameworks and Policy Development: Optimising the Benefits of Organised Labour Migration.

This meeting was organised in response to the expressed interest of the Khartoum Process membership to address the Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP) in its entirety, alongside the priorities charted in the Rome Declaration, with the corresponding focus on addressing the challenges of trafficking of human beings and smuggling of migrants.

As underlined in the Analysis Report of Khartoum Process prepared for the JVAP Senior Officials’ Meeting in Malta in February 2017, legal migration should be further strengthened by encouraging policies that promote regular channels for migration, whilst recognising that progress has been made in respect to specific references to increased opportunities for students and researchers.

Against this backdrop, this first Thematic Meeting on legal migration organised within the framework of the Khartoum Process was designed to take stock of the existing legal and policy instruments regulating labour migration in the region and to facilitate knowledge sharing amongst the partners. Additionally, it aimed to explore the operational side of the policies in place, to provide updates related to the existing legal frameworks, and contribute to a shared understanding of the related challenges and good practices amongst the participating states and organisations.

In the framework of the Khartoum Process, Senior Officials' Meetings are the main fora for policy dialogue, offering a unique opportunity for Members to exchange views on the progress made individually and jointly and the way forward in achieving the aims of the Process. 

The most recent Senior Officials’ Meeting (SOM) took place in Asmara on 7^th March 2019 and marked the beginning of the Eritrean Chairmanship of the Khartoum Process. The chairmanship of the Process is ensured on an alternating basis from among African and European participating States. With Italy as the outgoing Chair, Eritrea took up this role for the year of 2019.

The Regional Training on Countering Trafficking in Human Beings was a two-day event elaborated and implemented as a means of delivering on the commitments made under the Italian Chairmanship of the Khartoum Process. The programme represented a first-of-a-kind activity in the framework of the Khartoum Process and was designed in consultation with the host country and based on the inputs provided by KP national focal points by means of a pre-training needs assessment, to ensure a tailored-fit content that addresses national and regional priorities in the fight against trafficking in human beings.

The event gathered over 40 participants from Khartoum Process member states and regional organisations such as IGAD, as well as representatives of international organisations such as IOM, UNDP, and UNCHR.

On the 14^th and 15^th of November 2018, around 280 Senior Officials from across Europe and Africa met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The participants met to follow up on both the conclusions established during the Senior Officials’ Meeting (SOM) in Malta last year, and the progress made under the five domains of the Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP), adopted at the Migration Summit in Malta in 2015.

The Joint Valletta Action Plan (JVAP) was adopted at the Valletta Summit on Migration in 2015 by the partners of the Rabat Process and the Khartoum Process. This infographic highlights the progress that has since been achieved by the involved stakeholders. The infographic provides up-to-date insights into the JVAP Database, which contains information about projects and policies in Africa and Europe, addressing the five thematic domains of the JVAP.

Resources:

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JVAP-Infographic_New_EN.pdf.pdf